Major conceptualizations within the theory of the self include the following, with short definition:
Comparison
| Construct | Definition
|
| Self Psychology | A school of psychoanalytic theory and therapy explaining psychopathology as being the result of disrupted or unmet developmental needs.
|
| self-actualization | The instinctual need of humans to make the most of their abilities and to strive to be the best they can.
|
| self-awareness | The explicit understanding that one exists. Furthermore, it includes the concept that one exists as an individual, separate from other people, with private thoughts.
|
| self-concept | The mental and conceptual understanding and persistent regard that sentient beings hold for their own existence.
|
| self control | The exertion of one\'s own will on their personal self - their behaviors, actions, thought processes.
|
| self disclosure | Both the conscious and unconscious act of revealing more about ourselves to others.
|
| self-efficacy | An impression that one is capable of performing in a certain manner or attaining certain goals.[Ormrod, J. E. (2006). Educational Psychology: Developing Learners (5th ed.), "glossary". N.J., Merrill: Upper Saddle River (companion website)]
|
| self-esteem | A person\'s overall self-appraisal of their own worth.
|
| self harm | Deliberate injury inflicted by a person upon his or her own body without suicidal intent.
|
| self help | Self-guided improvement[APA Dictionary of Psychology, 1st ed., Gary R. VandenBos, ed., Washington: American Psychological Association, 2007.]—economically, intellectually, or emotionally—most frequently with a substantial psychological or spiritual basis.
|
| self-identity | As self-concept
|
| self image | The mental picture, generally of a kind that is quite resistant to change, that depicts not only details that are potentially available to objective investigation by others (height, weight, hair color, sex, I.Q. score, is this person double-jointed, etc.), but also items that have been learned by that person about himself or herself, either from personal experiences or by internalizing the judgments of others.
|
| self monitoring | The process through which people regulate their own behavior in order to "look good" so that they will be perceived by others in a favorable manner.
|
| self-perception theory of attitude change | A theory that asserts that we develop our attitudes by observing our own behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused them.
|
| self-realization | A Category:Shabd paths term, refering to knowledge gained from personal experience, as opposed to book knowledge.
|
| self-regulated learning | Can be used to describe learning that is guided by metacognition, strategic action (planning, monitoring, and evaluating personal progress against a standard), and motivation to learn (Butler & Winne, 1995; Winne & Perry, 2000; Perry, Phillips, & Hutchinson, 2006; Zimmerman, 1990).
|
| self talk | Language use or thought internal to the communicator.
|
| divided self theory |
|
| Self-perspective | The perspective of self in autobiographical memory[Lemogne C, Piolino P, Friszer S, et al (2006). "Episodic autobiographical memory in depression: Specificity, autonoetic consciousness, and self-perspective". Conscious Cogn 15 (2): 258–68. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2005.07.005. PMID 16154765. ]
|
| Self-confidence | Self-assuredness in one\'s personal judgment, ability, power, etc., sometimes manifested excessively. [
]The Macquarie Dictionary. Compare The Dictionary of Psychology by Raymond Joseph Corsini. Psychology Press, 1999. ISBN 158391028X. Online via Google Book Search.
|
| Self-assuredness | Almost as self-confidence
|
\'Selfhood\' or complete autonomy is a common Western approach to psychology and models of self are employed constantly in areas such as psychotherapy and self help. Edward E. Sampson (1989) argues that the preoccupation with independence is harmful in that it creates racial, sexual and national divides and does not allow for observation of the self-in-other and other-in-self.
The very notion of selfhood is an attacked idea because it is seen as necessary for the mechanisms of advanced capitalism to function. In Inventing our selves: Psychology, power, and personhood, Nikolas Rose (1998) proposes that psychology is now employed as a technology that allows humans to buy into an invented and arguably false sense of self. Rose sees that freedom assists governments and exploitation.
It is said by some that for an individual to talk about, explain, understand or judge oneself is linguistically impossible, since it requires the self to understand its self. This is seen as philosophically invalid, being self-referential, or reification, also known as a Circular argument. Thus, if actions arise so that the self attempts self-explanation, confusion may well occur within linguistic mental pathways and processes.
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